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Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 10:08:37 +0000 (UTC)
From: Alex Wang via LinkedIn <newsletters-noreply@linkedin.com>
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Subject: Is RAG Still Needed?
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Learn AI Together

By Alex Wang


By Alex Wang

   =20
   =20
    Read this article on LinkedIn to join the conversation
Read on LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/rag-still-needed-alex-wang-m3mgc?lipi=
=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_follow_newsletter_02%3BT%2B%2ForKGL=
S36XBBBQjmRq6A%3D%3D&midToken=3DAQHs81gzrEnLQw&midSig=3D3EQ4V1KLjw-s81&trk=
=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-null-0-read_more_banner_cta_&trkEm=
ail=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-null-0-read_more_banner_cta_-nu=
ll-niwq2c~mmnaz7fg~w5-null-null&eid=3Dniwq2c-mmnaz7fg-w5
 =20
Before jumping into the debate, it=E2=80=99s worth starting with a simple q=
uestion: Why did we need RAG in the first place? Large language models have=
 one important limitation: their knowledge is frozen in time. Once a model =
is trained, it doesn=E2=80=99t automatically learn about new events or your=
 company=E2=80=99s internal data. So when teams started building real AI ap=
plications, a practical problem quickly appeared: How do we give the model =
the right information at the right moment? For the past few years, the most=
 common answer has been RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) =E2=80=94 retr=
ieving relevant information from external data sources and inserting it int=
o the prompt. That approach became the backbone of many production systems,=
 from enterprise search tools like Glean to parts of Microsoft Copilot. But=
 now something interesting is changing. =F0=9F=93=88 The rise of long conte=
xt windows One big shift over the past year has been the rapid expansion of=
 context windows. Early language models could only read a few pages of text=
. Today=E2=80=99s models are very different =E2=80=94 Claude supports aroun=
d 200K tokens, and Gemini 1.5 introduced a 1M-token context window. At that=
 scale, something interesting starts to happen. Instead of retrieving small=
 chunks of information, you can sometimes just give the model the entire do=
cument =E2=80=94 a research paper, a long product specification, even a boo=
k =E2=80=94 and let it figure out what matters. In other words, instead of =
building a retrieval system, you can sometimes just let the model read ever=
ything directly. Which naturally leads to a new question: If models can rea=
d everything directly, do we still need RAG? That question sounds simple, b=
ut the answer is a bit more nuanced. At first glance, the long-context appr=
oach looks very appealing. The architecture becomes much simpler. You don=
=E2=80=99t need embedding pipelines, vector databases, or retrieval logic. =
You can simply feed the documents to the model and let its attention mechan=
ism figure out what matters. AI adoption in legal teams isn=E2=80=99t stall=
ed by the tech. Interest is rising across the legal industry, but adoption =
slows when systems behave like black boxes. Lawyers need tools where reason=
ing is transparent, auditable, and defensible. e! by Lexemo takes a differe=
nt approach: legal logic is written in natural language and translated into=
 visual workflows that remain fully reviewable. AI doesn=E2=80=99t replace =
legal reasoning. It helps build systems that mirror how lawyers think. =E2=
=86=92 Learn more For certain tasks, this works surprisingly well. If you'r=
e analyzing a single long document =E2=80=94 say a legal contract, a resear=
ch paper, or a long technical specification =E2=80=94 long context can actu=
ally be the most natural solution. The model can read the whole thing and r=
eason across the entire document, instead of only seeing small fragments re=
trieved by a search system. But once you move from a single document to rea=
l production systems, things start to look a bit different. 1) One issue is=
 efficiency Imagine a system that answers questions about a 500-page techni=
cal manual. With a long-context approach, the model might need to read that=
 entire manual every time someone asks a question. That means hundreds of p=
ages are processed again and again for each query. RAG works differently. D=
ocuments are processed once when they are indexed, and later the system onl=
y retrieves the small sections that are actually relevant to the question. =
2) Another challenge is something researchers sometimes call the =E2=80=9Cn=
eedle in a haystack=E2=80=9D problem Just because information sits inside a=
 massive context window doesn=E2=80=99t guarantee the model will find it. A=
s prompts grow larger, the model=E2=80=99s attention can become diluted. A =
single important paragraph buried inside hundreds of pages can still be mis=
sed. Retrieval systems try to solve this by narrowing down the search space=
 first =E2=80=94 ideally surfacing only the most relevant pieces of informa=
tion. 3) Then there=E2=80=99s the scale problem Even a million tokens, whic=
h sounds enormous, is still tiny compared to the amount of data most organi=
zations actually have. Enterprise knowledge bases, internal documents, logs=
, and code repositories can easily reach terabytes or even petabytes. In th=
ose environments, some kind of retrieval layer becomes almost unavoidable. =
So while long context expands what models can do, it doesn=E2=80=99t necess=
arily eliminate the need for retrieval. In many cases, it simply changes ho=
w retrieval is used. Production inference for open-source LLMs. Nebius Toke=
n Factory is built for teams running open models in real products =E2=80=94=
 delivering managed inference with explicit control over execution paths. F=
rom speculative decoding and cache-aware routing to post-training tuned on =
real traffic, it=E2=80=99s designed for predictable tail latency and stable=
 cost. Production-grade systems for AI that actually ships. =E2=86=92 Learn=
 more=F0=9F=92=A1 =F0=9F=93=9A Continual learning =E2=80=94 another directi=
on people are exploring It=E2=80=99s another interesting direction research=
ers are exploring. Instead of repeatedly feeding external data into the mod=
el, the idea is to allow models to update their knowledge over time. Teams =
at Google DeepMind, Meta AI, and various academic labs have been studying w=
ays for language models to incorporate new information without needing full=
 retraining. If this approach eventually works at scale, models might gradu=
ally learn new knowledge as the world changes, rather than relying entirely=
 on external retrieval systems. But today, this is still mostly a research =
problem. In real production environments, most systems still rely on extern=
al data pipelines =E2=80=94 which means retrieval, in one form or another, =
is still doing much of the work. =E2=9C=92=EF=B8=8FA small thought In a way=
, RAG was never the only answer. It=E2=80=99s simply one way to connect mod=
els to external information. As AI systems evolve, more approaches are star=
ting to appear =E2=80=94 long context, retrieval layers, memory systems, ev=
en continual learning. Most likely these approaches won=E2=80=99t replace e=
ach other. They=E2=80=99ll coexist and be used in different situations. The=
 real challenge is figuring out how those models stay connected to the worl=
d=E2=80=99s constantly changing information.
Keep reading on LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/rag-still-needed-alex-wang-m3mgc?lipi=
=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_follow_newsletter_02%3BT%2B%2ForKGL=
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&eid=3Dniwq2c-mmnaz7fg-w5
 =20
     =20

----------------------------------------

This email was intended for Alvaro Chaveste Jr. (TraceSeis, Inc: Mapping th=
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ta&amp;t=3D7hs2tLAcDnFKzBNyN6t9cw_ArXaJTbZvPmjCM-V9Oy0" alt=3D"Author image=
" style=3D"outline: none; text-decoration: none; -ms-interpolation-mode: bi=
cubic; position: relative; display: inline-block; height: 32px; width: 32px=
; border-radius: 9999px; background-color: #eae6df; vertical-align: middle;=
 clip-path: circle(50%);" width=3D"32" height=3D"32"> </a> </td> <td style=
=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-l=
space: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt;"> <a href=3D"https://au.linkedin.com/com=
m/in/alexwang2911?lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_follow_newsle=
tter_02%3BT%2B%2ForKGLS36XBBBQjmRq6A%3D%3D&amp;midToken=3DAQHs81gzrEnLQw&am=
p;midSig=3D3EQ4V1KLjw-s81&amp;trk=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-n=
ewsletter_content_preview-0-author_&amp;trkEmail=3Deml-email_series_follow_=
newsletter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-author_-null-niwq2c~mmnaz7fg~w5-=
null-null&amp;eid=3Dniwq2c-mmnaz7fg-w5" target=3D"_blank" class=3D"no-under=
line ml-1" style=3D"color: #0a66c2; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;=
 text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjus=
t: 100%; margin-left: 8px; text-decoration-line: none;"> <span class=3D"fon=
t-sans font-bold text-sm mb-3 text-color-text-low-emphasis leading-regular"=
 style=3D"margin-bottom: 24px; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, Blink=
MacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', Ubuntu, O=
xygen, 'Oxygen Sans', Cantarell, 'Droid Sans', 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe =
UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica,=
 Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; c=
olor: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);"> Alex Wang </span> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </t=
able> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class=3D"pb-1" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust=
: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace=
: 0pt; padding-bottom: 8px;"> <div class=3D"p-3 bg-color-surface-tint round=
ed-md font-sans" data-test-id=3D"newsletter-cta-banner" style=3D"border-rad=
ius: 8px; background-color: #f5f7f9; padding: 24px; font-family: -apple-sys=
tem, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', '=
Fira Sans', Ubuntu, Oxygen, 'Oxygen Sans', Cantarell, 'Droid Sans', 'Apple =
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Lucid=
a Grande', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> <div class=3D"mb-1.5" style=3D"m=
argin-bottom: 12px;"> <span class=3D"text-md leading-regular font-bold text=
-color-text" style=3D"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25;=
 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);"> Read this article on LinkedIn to join the con=
versation </span> </div> <table role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" border=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"email-bu=
tton " data-test-id=3D"email-button" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt=
;"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=3D"middle" align=3D"left" style=3D"-webkit-text=
-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-=
table-rspace: 0pt;"> <a href=3D"https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/rag-sti=
ll-needed-alex-wang-m3mgc?lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_follo=
w_newsletter_02%3BT%2B%2ForKGLS36XBBBQjmRq6A%3D%3D&amp;midToken=3DAQHs81gzr=
EnLQw&amp;midSig=3D3EQ4V1KLjw-s81&amp;trk=3Deml-email_series_follow_newslet=
ter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-read_more_banner_cta_&amp;trkEmail=3Dem=
l-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-read_more_=
banner_cta_-null-niwq2c~mmnaz7fg~w5-null-null&amp;eid=3Dniwq2c-mmnaz7fg-w5"=
 target=3D"_blank" aria-label=3D"Open this article on LinkedIn" class=3D"al=
ign-top no-underline " style=3D"color: #0a66c2; cursor: pointer; display: i=
nline-block; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-tex=
t-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: top; text-decoration-line: none;"> <ta=
ble role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cel=
lpadding=3D"0" width=3D"auto" class=3D"border-separate " style=3D"-webkit-t=
ext-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; m=
so-table-rspace: 0pt; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class=
=3D"btn-sm btn-primary border-color-brand button-link leading-regular !min-=
h-[auto] !shadow-none border-1 border-solid" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adj=
ust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rsp=
ace: 0pt; height: min-content; border-radius: 24px; padding-top: 7px; paddi=
ng-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; text-align: center=
; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line:=
 none; background-color: #0a66c2; color: #ffffff; border-width: 1px; border=
-style: solid; border-color: #0a66c2; line-height: 1.25; min-height: auto !=
important; box-shadow: 0 0 #0000, 0 0 #0000, 0 0 #0000 !important;"> <a hre=
f=3D"https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/rag-still-needed-alex-wang-m3mgc?l=
ipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_follow_newsletter_02%3BT%2B%2For=
KGLS36XBBBQjmRq6A%3D%3D&amp;midToken=3DAQHs81gzrEnLQw&amp;midSig=3D3EQ4V1KL=
jw-s81&amp;trk=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-newsletter_content_p=
review-0-read_more_banner_cta_&amp;trkEmail=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsl=
etter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-read_more_banner_cta_-null-niwq2c~mmn=
az7fg~w5-null-null&amp;eid=3Dniwq2c-mmnaz7fg-w5" target=3D"_blank" tabindex=
=3D"-1" aria-hidden=3D"true" class=3D"no-underline" style=3D"color: #0a66c2=
; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; -webkit-te=
xt-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-decoration-line: non=
e;"> <span class=3D"no-underline text-white" style=3D"color: #ffffff; text-=
decoration-line: none;"> Read on LinkedIn </span> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody>=
 </table> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> </tr> <tr data-te=
st-id=3D"newsletter-content-preview--content"> <td class=3D"font-sans text-=
md leading-open text-system-gray-90" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt=
; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Ro=
boto, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', Ubuntu, Oxygen, 'Oxygen Sans', Cantare=
ll, 'Droid Sans', 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', =
'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size=
: 16px; line-height: 1.5; color: #282828;"> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing=
-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-we=
ight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5=
;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">Before jumping into the =
debate, it=E2=80=99s worth starting with a simple question:</span> </p> </d=
iv> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 tex=
t-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px=
; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-t=
ext-block">Why did we need RAG in the first place?</span> </p> </div> <div =
data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md lead=
ing-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-si=
ze: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block=
">Large language models have one important limitation: their knowledge is f=
rozen in time. Once a model is trained, it doesn=E2=80=99t automatically le=
arn about new events or your company=E2=80=99s internal data.</span> </p> <=
/div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 t=
ext-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12=
px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little=
-text-block">So when teams started building real AI applications, a practic=
al problem quickly appeared:</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publis=
hing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"fon=
t-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height:=
 1.5;"> <span class=3D"italic" data-test-id=3D"little-text-block" style=3D"=
font-style: italic;">How do we give the model the right information at the =
right moment?</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block=
"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; =
margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span c=
lass data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">For the past few years, the most co=
mmon answer has been </span><span class=3D"font-[700]" data-test-id=3D"litt=
le-text-block" style=3D"font-weight: 700;">RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generat=
ion)</span><span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block"> =E2=80=94 retrie=
ving relevant information from external data sources and inserting it into =
the prompt.</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block">=
 <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; ma=
rgin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span cla=
ss data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">That approach became the backbone of =
many production systems, from enterprise search tools like </span><span cla=
ss=3D"font-[700]" data-test-id=3D"little-text-block" style=3D"font-weight: =
700;">Glean</span><span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block"> to parts =
of </span><span class=3D"font-[700]" data-test-id=3D"little-text-block" sty=
le=3D"font-weight: 700;">Microsoft Copilot</span><span class data-test-id=
=3D"little-text-block">.</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing=
-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-we=
ight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5=
;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">But now something intere=
sting is changing.</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-=
block"> <h3 class=3D"m-0 text-md text-system-gray-90 pt-1 pb-0.5 leading-re=
gular font-bold" data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block-h2" style=3D"margin:=
 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-top: 8px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: =
600; line-height: 1.25; color: #282828;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"littl=
e-text-block">=F0=9F=93=88 The rise of long context windows</span> </h3> </=
div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 te=
xt-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12p=
x; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-=
text-block">One big shift over the past year has been the rapid expansion o=
f context windows.</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-=
block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: =
400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <s=
pan class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">Early language models could on=
ly read a few pages of text. Today=E2=80=99s models are very different =E2=
=80=94 </span><span class=3D"font-[700]" data-test-id=3D"little-text-block"=
 style=3D"font-weight: 700;">Claude supports around 200K tokens</span><span=
 class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">, and </span><span class=3D"font-=
[700]" data-test-id=3D"little-text-block" style=3D"font-weight: 700;">Gemin=
i 1.5 introduced a 1M-token context window</span><span class data-test-id=
=3D"little-text-block">.</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing=
-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-we=
ight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5=
;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">At that scale, something=
 interesting starts to happen.</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publ=
ishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"f=
ont-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-heigh=
t: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">Instead of retriev=
ing small chunks of information, you can sometimes just give the model the =
entire document =E2=80=94 a research paper, a long product specification, e=
ven a book =E2=80=94 and let it figure out what matters.</span> </p> </div>=
 <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-m=
d leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; f=
ont-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text=
-block">In other words, instead of building a retrieval system, you can som=
etimes just let the model read everything directly.</span> </p> </div> <spa=
n>...</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class=3D"pt-2 no-underline" style=3D"-web=
kit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0=
pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; padding-top: 16px; text-decoration-line: none;">=
 <table role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"=
 cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"email-button series-content-prev=
iew__bottom-cta" data-test-id=3D"email-button" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-a=
djust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-r=
space: 0pt;"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=3D"middle" align=3D"left" style=3D"-w=
ebkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace:=
 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt;"> <a href=3D"https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pul=
se/rag-still-needed-alex-wang-m3mgc?lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_se=
ries_follow_newsletter_02%3BT%2B%2ForKGLS36XBBBQjmRq6A%3D%3D&amp;midToken=
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dmore_button_-null-niwq2c~mmnaz7fg~w5-null-null&amp;eid=3Dniwq2c-mmnaz7fg-w=
5" target=3D"_blank" aria-label=3D"Open Learn AI Together on LinkedIn" clas=
s=3D"align-top no-underline " style=3D"color: #0a66c2; cursor: pointer; dis=
play: inline-block; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; =
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: top; text-decoration-line: none=
; width: 100%;"> <table role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" border=3D"0" c=
ellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"border-separate =
" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-=
table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; border-collapse: separate; width:=
 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class=3D"btn-md btn-secondary-emphasis border-col=
or-brand button-link leading-regular !min-h-[auto] !shadow-none border-1 bo=
rder-solid font-sans" data-test-id=3D"newsletter-content-preview-redesign-b=
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00%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; height: min-content; bor=
der-radius: 24px; padding-top: 12px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 24=
px; padding-right: 24px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; font-weight: =
600; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgba(0,=
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olor: #0a66c2; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, '=
Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', Ubuntu, Oxygen, 'Oxygen S=
ans', Cantarell, 'Droid Sans', 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Sego=
e UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Arial, sans-ser=
if; line-height: 1.25; min-height: auto !important; box-shadow: 0 0 #0000, =
0 0 #0000, 0 0 #0000 !important;"> <a href=3D"https://www.linkedin.com/comm=
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mail=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-r=
eadmore_button_-null-niwq2c~mmnaz7fg~w5-null-null&amp;eid=3Dniwq2c-mmnaz7fg=
-w5" target=3D"_blank" tabindex=3D"-1" aria-hidden=3D"true" class=3D"no-und=
erline" style=3D"color: #0a66c2; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; te=
xt-decoration: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: =
100%; text-decoration-line: none; width: 100%;"> <span class=3D"no-underlin=
e text-color-brand" style=3D"color: #0a66c2; text-decoration-line: none;"> =
Keep reading on LinkedIn </span> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </a> </=
td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbo=
dy> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </=
div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class=3D"bg-color-background-canvas p-3" style=3D=
"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspa=
ce: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; background-color: #f3f2f0; padding: 24px;">=
 <table role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"=
 cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"text-xs" style=3D"-webkit-text-s=
ize-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-ta=
ble-rspace: 0pt; font-size: 12px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class=3D"pb-1 m-0" dat=
a-test-id=3D"email-footer__intended" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt=
; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px;"> This email was intended for Alvaro Ch=
aveste Jr. (TraceSeis, Inc: Mapping the Subsurface with Measured Precision.=
) </td> </tr> <tr> <td class=3D"pb-1 m-0" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust=
: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace=
: 0pt; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px;"> <a href=3D"https://www.linkedin.=
com/help/linkedin/answer/4788?lang=3Den&amp;lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_=
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