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Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2026 08:24:32 +0000 (UTC)
From: Alex Wang via LinkedIn <newsletters-noreply@linkedin.com>
Message-ID: <53108198.2092364.1774513472907@lor1-app128718.prod.linkedin.com>
Subject: If You Underestimated Chunking, You Probably Built It Wrong
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Learn AI Together

By Alex Wang


By Alex Wang

   =20
   =20
    Read this article on LinkedIn to join the conversation
Read on LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/you-underestimated-chunking-probably-bu=
ilt-wrong-alex-wang-ly8sc?lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_follo=
w_newsletter_02%3BGkgAehB0QyqJ4CLb5%2FY52A%3D%3D&midToken=3DAQHs81gzrEnLQw&=
midSig=3D1nms5lwJYUicc1&trk=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-null-0-=
read_more_banner_cta_&trkEmail=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-null=
-0-read_more_banner_cta_-null-niwq2c~mn779fq1~lm-null-null&eid=3Dniwq2c-mn7=
79fq1-lm
 =20
If anything, chunking is getting more attention again. But first, what is c=
hunking? and why now? At the simplest level, chunking just means breaking l=
ong information into smaller pieces so a system can retrieve and use it mor=
e effectively. Instead of treating a whole document as one giant block, the=
 system splits it into smaller units =E2=80=94 sections, paragraphs, senten=
ces, or meaning-based segments =E2=80=94 and those become the pieces it can=
 search, rank, and pass into the model. That may sound like a small backend=
 detail. But it turns out to shape something much bigger: what the system c=
an actually find how precise retrieval is whether answers feel grounded and=
 whether the output sounds correct, or just almost correct What changed is =
not chunking itself, but the kind of AI systems people are now trying to bu=
ild. A few years ago, many use cases were still relatively simple: one prom=
pt in, one answer out. Now AI is increasingly expected to work across inter=
nal documents, technical manuals, support knowledge bases, meeting transcri=
pts, research archives, long PDFs, codebases, and more complex multi-step w=
orkflows. Once you move into that world, the question shifts from =E2=80=9C=
can the model answer?=E2=80=9D to =E2=80=9Ccan the system reliably retrieve=
 the right context?=E2=80=9D and that is where chunking starts to matter. T=
he part many teams underestimated What many teams underestimated was how mu=
ch retrieval quality could be weakened by something as basic as document sp=
litting. A system can have strong models, solid embeddings, and a well-desi=
gned stack, and still produce mediocre results if the chunks are poorly for=
med. Too small, and meaning gets broken apart. Too large, and retrieval get=
s noisy. Ignore structure, and the system may retrieve something adjacent t=
o the answer rather than the answer itself. In the end, chunking shapes a d=
eceptively important question: what context does the model actually receive=
? AI isn=E2=80=99t broken. It just needed an upgrade. LLMs like ChatGPT and=
 Gemini are powerful =E2=80=94 but limited to what they already know. RAG i=
mproves accuracy by retrieving relevant, up-to-date information from extern=
al sources and incorporating it into its responses, ensuring answers are bo=
th precise and contextually relevant. The result: more accurate responses, =
fewer hallucinations, and AI that works with your data. MongoDB Atlas helps=
 make this possible, storing your data and enabling AI to retrieve the righ=
t information based on meaning, not just keywords. =E2=86=92 Start building=
 RAG applications Why bigger context windows did not =E2=80=9Csolve=E2=80=
=9D this This is probably the part I find most interesting. A larger contex=
t window helps, but it does not change the core problem: deciding what cont=
ext the model should actually see.. In other words, the problem was never j=
ust more context. It was better context. That is why chunking is still here=
. As systems become more capable, the bottleneck shifts from model intellig=
ence to how context is selected and delivered. It is not one technique. It =
is a design choice. Another shift is that people are moving away from treat=
ing chunking like one fixed setting. It is not just: =E2=80=9CPick 500 toke=
ns and move on.=E2=80=9D There are multiple ways to do it, and they reflect=
 different assumptions about the data. For example: Fixed-size chunking is =
simple and fast, but can split ideas in awkward places Sentence or paragrap=
h-based chunking keeps natural boundaries better Structure-based chunking w=
orks well for documents with clear headers and sections Semantic chunking t=
ries to group content by meaning, not just by length More adaptive approach=
es try to change chunking logic depending on the content itself That matter=
s because different information behaves differently. Technical documentatio=
n does not want to be chunked the same way as a conversation transcript. A =
policy manual does not behave like a codebase. A research paper does not lo=
ok like a customer support log. So chunking is no longer just a preprocessi=
ng step people can ignore. It is becoming part of how teams think about ret=
rieval quality in the first place. Still juggling 10 tools? Learn AI workfl=
ows and replace most of them. Outskill=E2=80=99s 2-Day LIVE AI Mastermind h=
elps you build real workflows, automations, and agents to stay ahead. Inclu=
des: 16 hours of live training Prompt Bible + AI monetization roadmap Perso=
nalized AI toolkit Free for the next 72 hours. =E2=86=92 Start learning now=
 My final thought: This is not some niche theory. The companies building se=
rious retrieval systems increasingly treat chunking as a real design choice=
, not just a hidden backend default. OpenAI=E2=80=99s File Search exposes c=
hunk size and overlap directly, and Azure has built-in chunking workflows f=
or retrieval pipelines. The moment an AI product has to work over your own =
documents, records, or knowledge base =E2=80=94 not just what the model alr=
eady knows =E2=80=94 chunking becomes one of those layers that directly sha=
pes the quality of the experience. But I would not overcomplicate it too ea=
rly. For a prototype, simple chunking is often enough. The important thing =
is not to assume this layer does not matter.
Keep reading on LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/you-underestimated-chunking-probably-bu=
ilt-wrong-alex-wang-ly8sc?lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_follo=
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iwq2c~mn779fq1~lm-null-null&eid=3Dniwq2c-mn779fq1-lm
 =20
     =20

----------------------------------------

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FY52A%3D%3D&amp;midToken=3DAQHs81gzrEnLQw&amp;midSig=3D1nms5lwJYUicc1&amp;t=
rk=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-aut=
hor_&amp;trkEmail=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-newsletter_conten=
t_preview-0-author_-null-niwq2c~mn779fq1~lm-null-null&amp;eid=3Dniwq2c-mn77=
9fq1-lm" target=3D"_blank" class=3D"no-underline ml-1" style=3D"color: #0a6=
6c2; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; -webkit=
-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; margin-left: 8px; text=
-decoration-line: none;"> <span class=3D"font-sans font-bold text-sm mb-3 t=
ext-color-text-low-emphasis leading-regular" style=3D"margin-bottom: 24px; =
font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Robo=
to, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', Ubuntu, Oxygen, 'Oxygen Sans', Cantarell=
, 'Droid Sans', 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'S=
egoe UI Symbol', 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: =
14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);"> Ale=
x Wang </span> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td clas=
s=3D"pb-1" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 1=
00%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; padding-bottom: 8px;"> <=
div class=3D"p-3 bg-color-surface-tint rounded-md font-sans" data-test-id=
=3D"newsletter-cta-banner" style=3D"border-radius: 8px; background-color: #=
f5f7f9; padding: 24px; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSyste=
mFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', Ubuntu, Oxygen, '=
Oxygen Sans', Cantarell, 'Droid Sans', 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji=
', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Arial, =
sans-serif;"> <div class=3D"mb-1.5" style=3D"margin-bottom: 12px;"> <span c=
lass=3D"text-md leading-regular font-bold text-color-text" style=3D"font-si=
ze: 16px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);">=
 Read this article on LinkedIn to join the conversation </span> </div> <tab=
le role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cell=
padding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"email-button " data-test-id=3D"email-=
button" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%=
; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt;"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=
=3D"middle" align=3D"left" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-tex=
t-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt;"> <a hre=
f=3D"https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/you-underestimated-chunking-probab=
ly-built-wrong-alex-wang-ly8sc?lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_=
follow_newsletter_02%3BGkgAehB0QyqJ4CLb5%2FY52A%3D%3D&amp;midToken=3DAQHs81=
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letter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-read_more_banner_cta_&amp;trkEmail=
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more_banner_cta_-null-niwq2c~mn779fq1~lm-null-null&amp;eid=3Dniwq2c-mn779fq=
1-lm" target=3D"_blank" aria-label=3D"Open this article on LinkedIn" class=
=3D"align-top no-underline " style=3D"color: #0a66c2; cursor: pointer; disp=
lay: inline-block; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -=
ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: top; text-decoration-line: none;=
"> <table role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"=
0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"auto" class=3D"border-separate " style=3D"-we=
bkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: =
0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody> <tr> <td c=
lass=3D"btn-sm btn-primary border-color-brand button-link leading-regular !=
min-h-[auto] !shadow-none border-1 border-solid" style=3D"-webkit-text-size=
-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table=
-rspace: 0pt; height: min-content; border-radius: 24px; padding-top: 7px; p=
adding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; text-align: ce=
nter; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-l=
ine: none; background-color: #0a66c2; color: #ffffff; border-width: 1px; bo=
rder-style: solid; border-color: #0a66c2; line-height: 1.25; min-height: au=
to !important; box-shadow: 0 0 #0000, 0 0 #0000, 0 0 #0000 !important;"> <a=
 href=3D"https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/you-underestimated-chunking-pr=
obably-built-wrong-alex-wang-ly8sc?lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_ser=
ies_follow_newsletter_02%3BGkgAehB0QyqJ4CLb5%2FY52A%3D%3D&amp;midToken=3DAQ=
Hs81gzrEnLQw&amp;midSig=3D1nms5lwJYUicc1&amp;trk=3Deml-email_series_follow_=
newsletter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-read_more_banner_cta_&amp;trkEma=
il=3Deml-email_series_follow_newsletter_02-newsletter_content_preview-0-rea=
d_more_banner_cta_-null-niwq2c~mn779fq1~lm-null-null&amp;eid=3Dniwq2c-mn779=
fq1-lm" target=3D"_blank" tabindex=3D"-1" aria-hidden=3D"true" class=3D"no-=
underline" style=3D"color: #0a66c2; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;=
 text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjus=
t: 100%; text-decoration-line: none;"> <span class=3D"no-underline text-whi=
te" style=3D"color: #ffffff; text-decoration-line: none;"> Read on LinkedIn=
 </span> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </tab=
le> </div> </td> </tr> <tr data-test-id=3D"newsletter-content-preview--cont=
ent"> <td class=3D"font-sans text-md leading-open text-system-gray-90" styl=
e=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-=
lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, =
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', Ubun=
tu, Oxygen, 'Oxygen Sans', Cantarell, 'Droid Sans', 'Apple Color Emoji', 'S=
egoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Lucida Grande', Helve=
tica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; color: #282828;=
"> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text=
-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px;=
 font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-te=
xt-block">If anything, chunking is getting more attention again.</span> </p=
> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.=
5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top:=
 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"lit=
tle-text-block">But first, what is chunking? and why now?</span> </p> </div=
> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-=
md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; =
font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-tex=
t-block">At the simplest level, chunking just means </span><span class=3D"f=
ont-[700]" data-test-id=3D"little-text-block" style=3D"font-weight: 700;">b=
reaking long information into smaller pieces</span><span class data-test-id=
=3D"little-text-block"> so a system can retrieve and use it more effectivel=
y.</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=
=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px=
; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-t=
est-id=3D"little-text-block">Instead of treating a whole document as one gi=
ant block, the system splits it into smaller units =E2=80=94 sections, para=
graphs, sentences, or meaning-based segments =E2=80=94 and those become the=
 pieces it can search, rank, and pass into the model.</span> </p> </div> <d=
iv data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md l=
eading-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font=
-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-bl=
ock">That may sound like a small backend detail.</span> </p> </div> <div da=
ta-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leadin=
g-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size=
: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">=
But it turns out to shape something much bigger:</span> </p> </div> <div da=
ta-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leadin=
g-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size=
: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">=
 <ul class=3D"block mt-2 mr-0 ml-3 p-0" data-test-id=3D"little-template-lis=
t-unordered" style=3D"margin-left: 24px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 16p=
x; display: block; padding: 0px;"> <li class=3D"mt-1.5 ml-2 text-md leading=
-open text-system-gray-90" style=3D"margin-left: 16px; margin-top: 12px; fo=
nt-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; color: #282828;"> <span class data-test-id=
=3D"little-text-block">what the system can actually find</span> </li> <li c=
lass=3D"mt-1.5 ml-2 text-md leading-open text-system-gray-90" style=3D"marg=
in-left: 16px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; color: =
#282828;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">how precise retri=
eval is</span> </li> <li class=3D"mt-1.5 ml-2 text-md leading-open text-sys=
tem-gray-90" style=3D"margin-left: 16px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px;=
 line-height: 1.5; color: #282828;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-tex=
t-block">whether answers feel grounded</span> </li> <li class=3D"mt-1.5 ml-=
2 text-md leading-open text-system-gray-90" style=3D"margin-left: 16px; mar=
gin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; color: #282828;"> <span c=
lass data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">and whether the output sounds corre=
ct, or just </span><span class=3D"italic" data-test-id=3D"little-text-block=
" style=3D"font-style: italic;">almost</span><span class data-test-id=3D"li=
ttle-text-block"> correct</span> </li> </ul> </span> </p> </div> <div data-=
test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-o=
pen" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 1=
6px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">Wha=
t changed is not chunking itself, but the kind of AI systems people are now=
 trying to build. A few years ago, many use cases were still relatively sim=
ple: one prompt in, one answer out.</span> </p> </div> <div data-test-id=3D=
"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=
=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-=
height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">Now AI is inc=
reasingly expected to work across internal documents, technical manuals, su=
pport knowledge bases, meeting transcripts, research archives, long PDFs, c=
odebases, and more complex multi-step workflows. </span> </p> </div> <div d=
ata-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leadi=
ng-open" style=3D"font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-siz=
e: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block"=
>Once you move into that world, the question shifts from =E2=80=9Ccan the m=
odel answer?=E2=80=9D to =E2=80=9Ccan the system reliably retrieve the righ=
t context?=E2=80=9D and that is where chunking starts to matter.</span> </p=
> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-text-block"> <h3 class=3D"m-0 text=
-md text-system-gray-90 pt-1 pb-0.5 leading-regular font-bold" data-test-id=
=3D"publishing-text-block-h2" style=3D"margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; pa=
dding-top: 8px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; color=
: #282828;"> <span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">The part many t=
eams underestimated</span> </h3> </div> <div data-test-id=3D"publishing-tex=
t-block"> <p class=3D"m-0 mt-1.5 text-md leading-open" style=3D"font-weight=
: 400; margin: 0px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;"> =
<span class data-test-id=3D"little-text-block">What many teams underestimat=
ed was how much retrieval quality could be weakened by something as basic a=
s document splitting. A system can have strong models, solid embeddings, an=
d a well-designed stack, and still produce mediocre results if the chunks a=
re poorly formed. </span> </p> </div> <span>...</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td=
 class=3D"pt-2 no-underline" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-t=
ext-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; paddin=
g-top: 16px; text-decoration-line: none;"> <table role=3D"presentation" val=
ign=3D"top" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%"=
 class=3D"email-button series-content-preview__bottom-cta" data-test-id=3D"=
email-button" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust=
: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt;"> <tbody> <tr> <td va=
lign=3D"middle" align=3D"left" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms=
-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt;"> <a=
 href=3D"https://www.linkedin.com/comm/pulse/you-underestimated-chunking-pr=
obably-built-wrong-alex-wang-ly8sc?lipi=3Durn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_ser=
ies_follow_newsletter_02%3BGkgAehB0QyqJ4CLb5%2FY52A%3D%3D&amp;midToken=3DAQ=
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align-top no-underline " style=3D"color: #0a66c2; cursor: pointer; display:=
 inline-block; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-t=
ext-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: top; text-decoration-line: none; wid=
th: 100%;"> <table role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" border=3D"0" cellsp=
acing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"border-separate " sty=
le=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table=
-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; border-collapse: separate; width: 100%=
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adius: 24px; padding-top: 12px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 24px; p=
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cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0=
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 #0a66c2; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe=
 UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', Ubuntu, Oxygen, 'Oxygen Sans',=
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ine-height: 1.25; min-height: auto !important; box-shadow: 0 0 #0000, 0 0 #=
0000, 0 0 #0000 !important;"> <a href=3D"https://www.linkedin.com/comm/puls=
e/you-underestimated-chunking-probably-built-wrong-alex-wang-ly8sc?lipi=3Du=
rn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_series_follow_newsletter_02%3BGkgAehB0QyqJ4CLb=
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display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-decoration-line: none; width: 100%;"> <=
span class=3D"no-underline text-color-brand" style=3D"color: #0a66c2; text-=
decoration-line: none;"> Keep reading on LinkedIn </span> </a> </td> </tr> =
</tbody> </table> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> <=
/table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> <=
/tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class=3D"bg-color-backgr=
ound-canvas p-3" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adj=
ust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; background-color: =
#f3f2f0; padding: 24px;"> <table role=3D"presentation" valign=3D"top" borde=
r=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"text-xs=
" style=3D"-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-=
table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; font-size: 12px;"> <tbody> <tr> <=
td class=3D"pb-1 m-0" data-test-id=3D"email-footer__intended" style=3D"-web=
kit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0=
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